Circular Supply Chains and Firm Performance

This management review examines circular supply chains and firm performance. The organizing question is which capabilities and incentives connect material circularity to resilience, cost, innovation, and stakeholder value. Ten related scholarly sources are synthesized through a decision-centered framework spanning problem definition, mechanism, measurement, evaluation, implementation, and governance. The review does not invent experiments, pooled estimates, or unreported quantitative results. It instead evaluates the strength and transferability of the available evidence, with particular attention to claiming circularity from isolated recycling activity without system-level material accounting. The resulting framework links technical or empirical performance to explicit use conditions and identifies tests that should precede wider adoption in operations and supply-chain strategy.

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